Mahanadi River is lifeline of Odisha. It covers about 900 Km long and flows through Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It provides shelters for many floral and fauna species. Cows and cattles are common milch animals found in the bank of Mahanadi River. Near the river banks, numbers of villages are there, where the cows, goats and other animals are the common pet animals. The villagers, instead of providing the artificial feeds from market, they allow these pet animals for grazing freely in the river bank. According to the Hirakud Wildlife Division, a massive herd of cattle has grown here utilizing the local grass-land. Till date, no such documentation work has been done about the quality of milk of cows of these areas and the artificially feeded cows. Keeping this in view an attempt will be made to document some common cows found in Mahanadi river areas of Sambalpur, Odisha. A survey on cows of this area with their behaviour, food, habitat, association with plants are to be studied with respect to the quality of milk